在实际开发中，由于业务需要，常常需要进行Excel导入导出操作。以前做一些简单的导入时，先准备一个模板，再进行导入，单有十几、
二十几个导入模板时，往往要做十几、二十几个模板。而且，当在模板中需要有下拉框，而且下拉数据要实时查询时，这样的方法就不太好了；
现在，做成了动态生成导入模板，只要参数传对了，就可以生成任何我们想要的导入模板，而且随意设置下拉框的数目、位置。
具体步骤如下：
1、需要用到的jar包：
poi-3.10-FINAL.jar
poi-ooxml-3.10-FINAL.jar
poi-ooxml-schemas-3.10-FINAL.jar
gradle引入：
compile group: 'org.apache.poi', name: 'poi', version: '3.10'
compile group: 'org.apache.poi', name: 'poi-ooxml', version: '3.10-FINAL'
2、生成Excel导入模板 :
/**
* @Title: createExcelTemplate
* @Description: 生成Excel导入模板
* @param @param filePath Excel文件路径
* @param @param handers Excel列标题(数组)
* @param @param downData 下拉框数据(数组)
* @param @param downRows 下拉列的序号(数组,序号从0开始)
* @return void
* @throws
*/
private static void createExcelTemplate(String filePath, String[] handers,
List<String[]> downData, String[] downRows){
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();//创建工作薄
//表头样式
HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER); // 创建一个居中格式
//字体样式
HSSFFont fontStyle = wb.createFont();
fontStyle.setFontName("微软雅黑");
fontStyle.setFontHeightInPoints((short)12);
fontStyle.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);
style.setFont(fontStyle);
//新建sheet
HSSFSheet sheet1 = wb.createSheet("Sheet1");
HSSFSheet sheet2 = wb.createSheet("Sheet2");
HSSFSheet sheet3 = wb.createSheet("Sheet3");
//生成sheet1内容
HSSFRow rowFirst = sheet1.createRow(0);//第一个sheet的第一行为标题
//写标题
for(int i=0;i<handers.length;i++){
HSSFCell cell = rowFirst.createCell(i); //获取第一行的每个单元格
sheet1.setColumnWidth(i, 4000); //设置每列的列宽
cell.setCellStyle(style); //加样式
cell.setCellValue(handers[i]); //往单元格里写数据
}
//设置下拉框数据
String[] arr = {"A","B","C","D","E","F","G","H","I","J","K","L","M","N","O","P","Q","R","S","T","U","V","W","X","Y","Z"};
int index = 0;
HSSFRow row = null;
for(int r=0;r<downRows.length;r++){
String[] dlData = downData.get(r);//获取下拉对象
int rownum = Integer.parseInt(downRows[r]);
if(dlData.length<5){ //255以内的下拉
//255以内的下拉,参数分别是：作用的sheet、下拉内容数组、起始行、终止行、起始列、终止列
sheet1.addValidationData(setDataValidation(sheet1, dlData, 1, 50000, rownum ,rownum)); //超过255个报错
} else { //255以上的下拉，即下拉列表元素很多的情况
//1、设置有效性
//String strFormula = "Sheet2!$A$1:$A$5000" ; //Sheet2第A1到A5000作为下拉列表来源数据
String strFormula = "Sheet2!$"+arr[index]+"$1:$"+arr[index]+"$5000"; //Sheet2第A1到A5000作为下拉列表来源数据
sheet2.setColumnWidth(r, 4000); //设置每列的列宽
//设置数据有效性加载在哪个单元格上,参数分别是：从sheet2获取A1到A5000作为一个下拉的数据、起始行、终止行、起始列、终止列
sheet1.addValidationData(SetDataValidation(strFormula, 1, 50000, rownum, rownum)); //下拉列表元素很多的情况
//2、生成sheet2内容
for(int j=0;j<dlData.length;j++){
if(index==0){ //第1个下拉选项，直接创建行、列
row = sheet2.createRow(j); //创建数据行
sheet2.setColumnWidth(j, 4000); //设置每列的列宽
row.createCell(0).setCellValue(dlData[j]); //设置对应单元格的值
} else { //非第1个下拉选项
int rowCount = sheet2.getLastRowNum();
//System.out.println("========== LastRowNum =========" + rowCount);
if(j<=rowCount){ //前面创建过的行，直接获取行，创建列
//获取行，创建列
sheet2.getRow(j).createCell(index).setCellValue(dlData[j]); //设置对应单元格的值
} else { //未创建过的行，直接创建行、创建列
sheet2.setColumnWidth(j, 4000); //设置每列的列宽
//创建行、创建列
sheet2.createRow(j).createCell(index).setCellValue(dlData[j]); //设置对应单元格的值
}
}
}
index++;
}
}
try {
File f = new File(filePath); //写文件
//不存在则新增
if(!f.getParentFile().exists()){
f.getParentFile().mkdirs();
}
if(!f.exists()){
f.createNewFile();
}
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(f);
out.flush();
wb.write(out);
out.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}3、设置有效性：
/**
*
* @Title: SetDataValidation
* @Description: 下拉列表元素很多的情况 (255以上的下拉)
* @param @param strFormula
* @param @param firstRow 起始行
* @param @param endRow 终止行
* @param @param firstCol 起始列
* @param @param endCol 终止列
* @param @return
* @return HSSFDataValidation
* @throws
*/
private static HSSFDataValidation SetDataValidation(String strFormula,
int firstRow, int endRow, int firstCol, int endCol) {
// 设置数据有效性加载在哪个单元格上。四个参数分别是：起始行、终止行、起始列、终止列
CellRangeAddressList regions = new CellRangeAddressList(firstRow, endRow, firstCol, endCol);
DVConstraint constraint = DVConstraint.createFormulaListConstraint(strFormula);
HSSFDataValidation dataValidation = new HSSFDataValidation(regions,constraint);
dataValidation.createErrorBox("Error", "Error");
dataValidation.createPromptBox("", null);
return dataValidation;
}
/**
*
* @Title: setDataValidation
* @Description: 下拉列表元素不多的情况(255以内的下拉)
* @param @param sheet
* @param @param textList
* @param @param firstRow
* @param @param endRow
* @param @param firstCol
* @param @param endCol
* @param @return
* @return DataValidation
* @throws
*/
private static DataValidation setDataValidation(Sheet sheet, String[] textList, int firstRow, int endRow, int firstCol, int endCol) {
DataValidationHelper helper = sheet.getDataValidationHelper();
//加载下拉列表内容
DataValidationConstraint constraint = helper.createExplicitListConstraint(textList);
//DVConstraint constraint = new DVConstraint();
constraint.setExplicitListValues(textList);
//设置数据有效性加载在哪个单元格上。四个参数分别是：起始行、终止行、起始列、终止列
CellRangeAddressList regions = new CellRangeAddressList((short) firstRow, (short) endRow, (short) firstCol, (short) endCol);
//数据有效性对象
DataValidation data_validation = helper.createValidation(constraint, regions);
//DataValidation data_validation = new DataValidation(regions, constraint);
return data_validation;
}4、下载指定路径的Excel文件：
/**
* @Title: getExcel
* @Description: 下载指定路径的Excel文件
* @param @param url 文件路径
* @param @param fileName 文件名
* @param @param response
* @return void
* @throws
*/
public static void getExcel(String url, String fileName, HttpServletResponse response,HttpServletRequest request){
try {
//1.设置文件ContentType类型，这样设置，会自动判断下载文件类型
response.setContentType("multipart/form-data");
//2.设置文件头：最后一个参数是设置下载文件名
response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment; filename=\""
+ encodeChineseDownloadFileName(request, fileName+".xls") +"\"");
// response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename="
// + new String(fileName.getBytes("UTF-8"), "ISO-8859-1") + ".xls"); //中文文件名
//通过文件路径获得File对象
File file = new File(url);
FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(file);
//3.通过response获取OutputStream对象(out)
OutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream(response.getOutputStream());
int b = 0;
byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];
while ((b=in.read(buffer)) != -1){
out.write(buffer,0,b); //4.写到输出流(out)中
}
in.close();
out.flush();
out.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("下载Excel模板异常", e);
}
}
/**
*
* @Title: encodeChineseDownloadFileName
* @Description: TODO(这里用一句话描述这个方法的作用)
* @param @param request
* @param @param pFileName
* @param @return
* @param @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
* @return String
* @throws
*/
private static String encodeChineseDownloadFileName(HttpServletRequest request, String pFileName)
throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
String filename = null;
String agent = request.getHeader("USER-AGENT");
//System.out.println("agent==========》"+agent);
if (null != agent) {
if (-1 != agent.indexOf("Firefox")) {//Firefox
filename = "=?UTF-8?B?" + (new String(org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64.encodeBase64(pFileName.getBytes("UTF-8")))) + "?=";
} else if (-1 != agent.indexOf("Chrome")) {//Chrome
filename = new String(pFileName.getBytes(), "ISO8859-1");
} else {//IE7+
filename = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(pFileName, "UTF-8");
filename = StringUtils.replace(filename, "+", "%20");//替换空格
}
} else {
filename = pFileName;
}
return filename;
}5、删除生成的临时文件：
/**
* @Title: delFile
* @Description: 删除文件
* @param @param filePath 文件路径
* @return void
* @throws
*/
public static void delFile(String filePath) {
java.io.File delFile = new java.io.File(filePath);
delFile.delete();
}6、示例：
/**
* @Title: getExcelTemplate
* @Description: 生成Excel模板并导出
* @param @param uuid
* @param @param request
* @param @param response
* @param @return
* @return Data
* @throws
*/
@RequestMapping("/getExcelTemplate")
public void getExcelTemplate(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
String fileName = "员工信息表"; //模板名称
String[] handers = {"姓名","性别","证件类型","证件号码","服务结束时间","参保地","民族"}; //列标题
//下拉框数据
List<String[]> downData = new ArrayList();
String[] str1 = {"男","女","未知"};
String[] str2 = {"北京","上海","广州","深圳","武汉","长沙","湘潭"};
String[] str3 = {"01-汉族","02-蒙古族","03-回族","04-藏族","05-维吾尔族","06-苗族","07-彝族","08-壮族","09-布依族",
"10-朝鲜族","11-满族","12-侗族","13-瑶族","14-白族","15-土家族","16-哈尼族","17-哈萨克族","18-傣族","19-黎族","20-傈僳族",
"21-佤族","22-畲族","23-高山族","24-拉祜族","25-水族","26-东乡族","27-纳西族","28-景颇族","29-柯尔克孜族","30-土族",
"31-达斡尔族","32-仫佬族","33-羌族","34-布朗族","35-撒拉族","36-毛难族","37-仡佬族","38-锡伯族","39-阿昌族","40-普米族",
"41-塔吉克族","42-怒族","43-乌孜别克族","44-俄罗斯族","45-鄂温克族","46-德昂族","47-保安族","48-裕固族","49-京族","50-塔塔尔族",
"51-独龙族","52-鄂伦春族","53-赫哲族","54-门巴族","55-珞巴族","56-基诺族","98-外国血统","99-其他"};
downData.add(str1);
downData.add(str2);
downData.add(str3);
String [] downRows = {"1","5","6"}; //下拉的列序号数组(序号从0开始)
try {
ExcelUtil.getExcelTemplate(fileName, handers, downData, downRows, request, response);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("批量导入信息异常：" + e.getMessage());
}
}7、结果如图：
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